World Ovarian Cancer Day 2025: Symptoms, risks, and how to protect yourself

Ovarian cancer, often termed the “silent killer,” is notorious for its subtle and sneaky symptoms and late-stage diagnoses. Many women tend to overlook the symptoms, often mistaking them for common issues like bloating, hormonal fluctuations, or everyday fatigue. And so, it remains one of the most challenging gynaecological cancers worldwide. On this World Ovarian Cancer Day, May 8, know the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer before it’s too late.

What is ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the ovaries (organs that produce eggs) or fallopian tubes (channels connecting the ovaries to the uterus) begin to grow, mutate, and multiply uncontrollably, potentially forming tumours and spreading to other parts of the body.

Who is at risk of developing ovarian cancer?

According to the American Cancer Society, a leading cancer-fighting and research organisation, ovarian cancer affects women, especially those over 50, with most cases occurring after menopause. It is rare in women younger than 40. Women with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer are at a significantly higher risk.

Inherited mutations in BReast CAncer 1 or 2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2) genes, as well as other genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome, are major risk factors, according to MedlinePlus, a body of the US health and human services department.

Cleveland Clinic, a nonprofit academic medical centre based in Cleveland, Ohio, US, says that ovarian cancer is slightly more common in white women than in other racial groups.

Being overweight, smoking, and having certain medical conditions like diabetes can also increase the risk, says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the national public health agency of the US.